Day 3 research results

understanding particle accelerators:

• what was learned:

1. How particle accelerators work: The LHC particle accelerator uses two ring accelerators. each lined with 1600 superconducting magnets (either dipole or quadrupole). The majority of the two types, dipole magnets keep the proton beams in place, while the latter focuses them. These magnets produce heat easily and need to be cooled with a liquid helium cooling system, which keeps the magnet at their operationg temperature of 1.9 K.
2. What particle accelerators do: accelerate particles. duh. apart from the obvious, particles use the magnets to atract and repulse the particles in a fashion that moves them in a forward motion. these particles move at incredibly fast speeds and create interesting reactions when collided. so not only can they accelerate one particle, but they can move thousands of particles in oposite directions.this maximizes the chances of collisions for detectors to, well, detect.
3. Dectectors: several scientific research teams use house-sized computors specificaly designed to see the reactions between each particle collision searching for a variety of things (one thing per detector)

• theory updates: none

Theory:

apocoliptic event begins with:

• failure of the liquid helium equipment
• then failure of superconducting magnets, which keep proton flow in place
• then failure to control proton beam
• then [rare chance of] proton collision near tube edge causing black hole
• then tube collapse due to black hole-consumed tube wall
• then atmosphere ventilation into black hole.

apocoliptic event ends with:

• eventual planet absorption into black hole.

Day 2 research results

understanding blake hole' properties:

• What was learned:

1. Singularities: the center of any spherical black hole. the singularity has infinite density and can have two charactoristics depending on whether or not the black hole spins. non-spinning black hole singularities have zero volume and are zero-dementional ( i.e. a point), while spinning black hole singularities are zero volume, one-dementional rings.
2. Event horizon: spherical boundary of a black hole dividing escapability and incontroverible doom. the closer a particle is to the event horizon, the more paths possible for the particle lead to the black hole.
3. Photon sphere: a spherical boundary of zero thickness completely comprised of photons. any photons that "move along tangents to the sphere" are trapped in the photon sphere (at least until disturbed by cossing objects, in which the photon will either escape the black hole's pull, or will cross the event horizon indefinitely). any photons on an inward trajectory passing will not escape the black hole upon crossing the photon sphere, while on an outward trajectory, they will.
4. Ergosphere: a region in spacetime surrounding the black hole in which nothing can stand still. in this region an object would have to move faster than the sped of light in the opposite direction of the black holes spin (if any at all) just to stand still. this is theroreticaly impossible, so no object can stand still.

• theory updates: none

Day 1 research results

understanding black holes:

• What was learned:

1. Black Holes are: "theoretical regions of space which the gravitational fieldis so powerful that nothing, not even light, can escape after having crossed the event horison" (practicaly quoted from wikipedia). they contain of superdense materials -usually- from collapsed objects in space.
2. Creation Process (via collapse): when any object in space's pressure is insufficient to counter act it's own gravity, the object superdensifies and begins pulling in nearby objects (or puts them in orbit).
3. Creation Process (via collision): in the case of particle acceleration, black holes are created when two (or more) subatomic particles are collided. though black holes arent the only things created.

• Theory updates: none

Mr. Mason's ESRA

Subject:
apocaliptic black hole scenario; particle accelerator gone wrong